Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique that provides information about the elemental composition, chemical state, and electronic structure of a material's surface ...

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is based on the same principle as all photoelectron spectroscopy methods. If a molecule or material is irradiated with light of a known energy above the ionization ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...

The basic physical process of irradiating a material with photons of a known energy and measuring the ejected photoelectrons has remained unchanged over six decades since it was first commercialized.

For the first time, researchers have been able to measure the quantum state of electrons ejected from atoms that have absorbed high-energy light pulses. This is thanks to a new measurement technique ...

The photoelectric effect, first explained in 1905, transformed our understanding of how light interacts with matter. When high-energy light hits atoms, it knocks electrons loose. This process powers ...

The Haber–Bosch process for making ammonia has been world-changing, but is highly energy-intensive owing to the high temperatures and pressures involved. A detailed understanding of the catalytic ...

An X-ray photoelectron spectrometer is an impressive bit of kit. The relatively low energy of the detected photoelectrons dictates that the experiments are performed in ultra-high vacuum. The ...

New research shows that X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) can give misleading analysis results due to an erroneous assumption during calibration. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is often ...

The photoelectric effect, first explained in 1905, transformed our understanding of how light interacts with matter. When high-energy light hits atoms, it knocks electrons loose. This process powers ...